A bayyane yake, mai ban mamaki da launi, kyawun gilashi daga Daular Qing

Gilashin Sin An samo asali ne daga Daular Zhou ta Yamma kuma ta bunƙasa a Daular Qing. A shekara ta 35 ta mulkin Kangxi (1690), an gina masana'antar gilashi ta Ofishin Gine-gine na Fadar Qing. A zamanin Kangxi, Yongzheng, da Qianlong, masu sana'ar China sun haɗa abubuwan China da na Yamma don ƙirƙirar wani salo na musamman na kayan gilashi. Tare da raguwar ƙarfin ƙasa a ƙarshen Daular Qing, samar da gilashi a Fadar Qing ya ragu a hankali, amma adadi mai yawa na kayayyakin gilashi na Yamma da Gabas sun shiga Birnin da aka haramta. Gilashin gilashi masu kyau da daraja na kotun Daular Qing a hankali sun ɗauki launuka na yau da kullun. Launuka masu haske da siffofi masu kyau na gilashin Daular Qing ba a taɓa ganin su ba a tarihin gilashin China.

Tsaftace bokitin gilashin ƙasa mai launin shunayya mai haske

Koren haske mai kama da gilashin ƙasa mai kama da kore (duba gaba) matakin tsaftacewa na tsakiya

Tsaftace bokitin gilashin ƙasa mai haske kore mai haske

Gilashin ƙasa mai launin shayi mai haske mai kama da na ƙasa (duba gaba) matakin tsaftacewa na tsakiya

Bokitin gilashin ƙasa mai launin shayi mai haske, matakin tsaftacewa na tsakiyar

Shuɗi Gilashin da ke bayyana Ra'ayin Murabba'i na Qing Qianlong

Murabba'in gilashi mai haske shuɗi (hoton dalla-dalla) Qing Qianlong

Kwalbar gilashi mai haske shuɗi, Qing Qianlong

Gilashin shuɗi mai haske na bakin fure mai kunne biyu mai haske

Kwalban kunne biyu mai haske na gilashin shuɗi mai haske (hoton dalla-dalla)

Mai haske Shuɗin Yamma Kwano na Gilashi ƙarni na 19 Turai

Kwalban ƙasa biyu na gilashin rawaya Qing Qianlong

Kwalban gilashin chrysanthemum mai haske na Yamma daga ƙarni na 19 a Turai

Kwalban gilashin Chrysanthemum mai haske na Yamma (hoto dalla-dalla) ƙarni na 19 Turai

Fararen saitin gilashin ja mai launin fari, ganyen ayaba mai haɗe da fure, tsarin malam buɗe ido, murhun kunne biyu na Qing Qianlong

Kwalbar ruwan peach mai launin fari, Qing Qianlong

Fararen saitin gilashin ja mai launin ruwan hoda mai siffar lu'u-lu'u biyu da ke bin tukunyar ja mai siffar ruwan teku Qing Qianlong

Fararen kwalba mai launin shuɗi na dragon da kwalaben phoenix, Qing Qianlong

01 Aikin busawa mai rikitarwa
Littafin "Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" ya rubuta cewa a zamanin Daular Ming, akwai kayan busawa kamar fitilun kumfa, kwalaben kifi, da idanun Buddha waɗanda suka samar da "duniya mara komai". Kayan kwalliyar kwaikwayon jade na Daular Ming ne kawai suka rage a yau. Tsarin gilashin da aka gabatar daga Turai a lokacin Daular Qing ya ba da damar yin ayyukan busawa masu rikitarwa. Baya ga busa ƙananan abubuwa cikin 'yanci, busa mold wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta yin abubuwa masu rikitarwa. A tsoma bututun busa ƙarfe a cikin injin binciken gilashin sannan a hura shi cikin mold. Bayan an samar da mold, a cire mold ɗin a goge shi, a ƙara masa sassaka da fenti.

Kwalban gilashi mai haske mai launin shuɗi mai siffar octagon Qing Yongzheng

'Ya'yan itatuwan gilashi masu launuka daban-daban don tsaftacewa

Gilashin 'ya'yan itace masu launi (cikakken hoto) a bayyane

Kwalba mai gilashi mai launi huɗu, Qing Qianlong

02 sets na gilashi

Gilashin rufewa hade ne da fasahar rufe gilashi da fasahar sassaka, tare da launin tsakiyar a gaba da kuma launin murfin waje da aka ambata daga baya. Za a iya raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: ɗaya shine a rufe gilashin monochrome da gilashin monochrome; Hanya ta biyu ita ce "haɗuwa", wanda ya ƙunshi haɗa sassan gilashin masu launi daban-daban da kuma narke su a kan abin da aka yi amfani da shi, sannan a sassaka su a gida.

Gilashin farin launi mai launuka biyu da kuma ruwan kankana mai siffar kankana, daular Qing Qianlong

kwalbar gilashin kore mai launin rawaya mai siffar snuff mai haske

Fararen saitin gilashin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, ganyen ayaba mai haɗe da fure mai siffar kunne biyu Qing Qianlong

Fararen gilashi mai launin shuɗi mai launin fari, ganyen ayaba mai haɗe da furanni, fenti mai kunne biyu (hoton dalla-dalla)

Fararen kwano mai launin shuɗi mai siffar lotus, Qing Qianlong

Fararen akwati mai launin shuɗi mai siffar lotus (hoton dalla-dalla) Qing Qianlong

03 Zanen Gilashi

Zane-zanen gilashi wani nau'i ne na zane wanda ke amfani da gilashi a matsayin matsakaici. Kamar yadda aka gabatar da hoton a ƙarƙashin gilashin, ya zama dole a bi tsarin wakilcin dalla-dalla kafin a haɗa launuka a lokacin aikin fenti, wanda ya saba da tsarin zane na yau da kullun. A kan wannan tushen, marigayin Daular Qing ya haɓaka dabarar zane na ciki cikin sauri ta amfani da ƙarshen alkalami mai lanƙwasa, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan kayan aiki kamar kwalaben shan taba.

Zanen Gilashin Zane na Matan Yammacin Turai Mai Kyau

Zanen Gilashin Matan Yammacin Turai (Cikakkun bayanai) Qing

Zane-zanen Noma da Saƙa Zane-zanen Gilashi Mai Kyau

Zane-zanen Noma da Saƙa Zane-zanen Gilashi (Cikakken Bayani) A sarari

Gilashin da aka sassaka 04

Gilashin da aka sassaka za a iya raba su zuwa dabarun sassaka lu'u-lu'u da dabarun sassaka mota. Har yanzu akwai ƙaramin adadin gilashin da aka sassaka lu'u-lu'u daga zamanin Kangxi. Wannan dabarar ta samo asali ne a Venice a farkon ƙarni na 16, inda aka yi amfani da alkalami mai kauri na lu'u-lu'u a saman gilashi don fenti da niƙa. A lokacin Yongzheng, gilashin da aka sassaka ya jawo wahayi sosai daga dabarun sassaka na gargajiya na jade, waɗanda yanzu ake kira "fasahar sassaka karusa".

Gilashin fure mai haske na shuɗin sapphire na yamma wanda aka sassaka daga ƙarni na 19 a Turai

Gilashin fure mai haske mai launin shuɗi mai launin ruwan teku na Yamma (hoton dalla-dalla) ƙarni na 19 Turai

Kofin gilashin amber mai haske wanda aka zana zane mai siffar malam buɗe ido, Qing Qianlong

Gilashin da aka sassaka furanni da 'ya'yan itace mai tsayi da tsayin kofi mai haske

Kofin fure mai siffar 'ya'yan itace da aka sassaka da gilashi mai haske (hoto dalla-dalla) a sarari

Gilashin Zinare 05

Gilashin Baojin yana nufin tsarin ƙirƙirar layuka masu duhu masu kyau da iri ɗaya a saman kayan gilashin monochrome, sannan a shafa manne na zinariya da foil a cikin layukan don ƙirƙirar launin zinare. An ƙirƙiri wannan dabarar ta hanyar samun wahayi daga fasahar lacquerware kuma kayan ado ne na musamman na gilashin kotun daular Qing.

Gilashin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin zinare mai siffar reshe mai siffar tripod mai murhu Qing Qianlong

Gilashin gilashin shuɗi mai launin sama da rassan da aka naɗe da zinare da kuma tsarin furanni, Qing Qianlong

06 Gilashin Venus

An sanya wa gilashin Venus suna ne bayan ƙwayoyin lu'ulu'u masu sheƙi da hasken zinare a cikin jikinsa. An fara gabatar da shi a matsayin sabon nau'in gilashi a Venice a ƙarni na 15 kuma ana kiransa da "dutsen Wendorina" ko "Kashlun" a cikin tarihin Fadar Qing. A farkon shekarun mulkin Qianlong, an yi nasarar harba wannan nau'in a masana'antar gilashi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masu wa'azi. Saboda tsananin tauri da wahalar busawa, yawancin kayan gilashin Venus da ake da su ana sassaka su ne ta amfani da hanyoyin sassaka jade, tare da wasu abubuwa da aka saka a jikin ƙarfe.

Tayar tagulla da aka saka da gilashin tauraro na zinare, mai riƙe alkalami mai fashewa, mai haske

Tayar tagulla da aka saka da mariƙin alkalami na gilashin taurarin zinare (hoto dalla-dalla)

Gilashin Venus Gilashin Zane Gilashin Phoenix Tsarin Haɗin Kai Biyu na Ruwa na Birni Mai Tsarki

07 Ƙarin kayan tarihi na al'adu masu kyau

Gilashin fari, dige-dige ja, tukunyar fure, bayyananne

Gilashin farin da aka naɗe da siliki mai launi da kwalban gilashi mai siffar karkace, Qing Qianlong

Kwalbar gilashi mai launin fari mai siffar karkace da aka naɗe da siliki mai launi (hoton dalla-dalla)

Gilashin fenti na jikin gilashi furen enamel da kwalban zanen tsuntsu Qing Qianlong

Gilashi mai siffar Diancui, zuri'a mai siffar Bandai, furen kai, mai haske

Munduwa mai launin ja da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara ta Feixue, mai haske, mai haske

Zaki mai kwance da aka sassaka da gilashi mai haske yana jefa ƙwallo a sarari

Kwalban murfi mai kunne biyu da aka naɗe a launin yamma, Venice na ƙarni na 18

Kwalbar murfi mai murfi biyu ta gilashin da aka naɗe ta Yamma (hoto dalla-dalla) Venice ta ƙarni na 18